How To Guess if a Spanish Noun Is Masculine or Feminine

Although it is seldom possible to predict with certainty whether a given Spanish noun is of masculine or feminine gender, Spanish has numerous guidelines that can usually be followed. Key Takeaways: Spanish Noun Gender Nouns ending in -a, -cià ³n, -à ­a, or -dad are usually feminine.Nouns ending in -o, an accented vowel, -or, or -aje are usually masculine.Names of rivers, lakes, and oceans are usually masculine; names of mountains are usually feminine. The most well-known rule or guideline is that nouns ending in -o are masculine and those ending in -a are feminine, but there are numerous exceptions to this gender rule, especially for those ending in -a. Some of the exceptions are listed below. Following are some other guides to gender determination. Note that many words have definitions in addition to those listed: Feminine Suffixes Nouns ending in certain suffixes are usually feminine. They include -cià ³n (usually the equivalent of -tion), -sià ³n, -à ­a (usually the equivalent of -y, although not in the diminutive sense), -za, -dad (often used like -ty), and -itis (-itis). la nacià ³n (nation)la intervencià ³n (intervention)la hospitalizacià ³n (hospitalization)la ocasià ³n (occasion)la tensià ³n (tension)la economà ­a (economy)la taxonomà ­a (taxonomy)la probreza (poverty)la felicidad (happiness)la caridad (charity)la mastitis (mastitis)la meningitis (meningitis) Masculine Endings Nouns of Greek origin ending in -a, often -ma, are nearly always masculine. Most of these words have English cognates. el problema (problem)el drama (drama)el poema (poem)el tema (subject) Nouns ending in an accented vowel are usually masculine. el sofà ¡ (sofa)el tabà º (taboo)el rubà ­ (ruby) Nouns with certain other endings are usually masculine. These include -aje (usually the equivalent of -age), -ambre, and -or. An exception is la flor (flower). el coraje (courage)el mensaje (message)el espionaje (espionage)el hambre (hunger)el calambre (cramp)el calor (heat)el dolor (pain)el interior (interior) Masculine Infinitives Infinitives used as nouns are masculine. el fumar (smoking)el cantar (singing)el viajar (traveling) Months and Days Months and days of the week are masculine. el enero (January)el septiembre (September)el martes (Tuesday)el jueves (Thursday) Letters and Numbers Letters are feminine while numbers are masculine. One way to remember this is that letra is feminine while nà ºmero is masculine. la d (d)la o (o)el siete (seven)el ciento (100) Abbreviations and Shortened Words The gender of abbreviations and acronyms typically matches the gender of the main noun of what the shortened version stands for. la ONU (the O stands for Organizacià ³n, which is feminine)los EE.UU. (United States; estados (states) is masculine)las FF.AA. (armed forces; fuerzas is feminine)la NASA (NASA; the word for agency, agencia, is feminine)el FBI (FBI; burà ³, the word for bureau, is masculine) Words that are a shorter form of another word or of a phrase retain the gender of the longer word or of the main noun in the phrase. la moto (motorcycle; the word is a shortened form of la motocicleta)la disco (disco; the word is a shortened form of la discoteca)la foto (photo; the word is a shortened form of la fotografà ­a)la bici (bicycle; the word is a shortened form of la bicicleta)un Toyota (a Toyota. The masculine may be used here as a short form of un coche Toyota, as coche, the word for car, is masculine. However, una Toyota may refer to a Toyota pickup truck, because the common word for pickup is the feminine camioneta.)la Alcatraz (the word for prison, prisià ³n, is feminine) Compound and Two-Word Nouns Compound nouns formed by following a verb with a noun are masculine. el rascacielos (skyscraper)el dragaminas (minesweeper)el guardarropa (clothes closet)el tragamondedas (slot or vending machine) Two-word nouns, which are unusual in Spanish, carry the gender of the first noun. el kilowatt hora (kilowatt-hour)el sitio web (website)el aà ±o luz (light-year)la mujer objeto (sex object)la noticia bomba (bombshell news story) Chemical Elements With the exception of la plata (silver), names of the chemical elements are masculine. el flà ºor (fluorine)el cinc (zinc)el hidrà ³geno (hydrogen) Geographical Names Names of rivers, lakes and oceans are masculine because el rà ­o, el lago and el ocà ©ano, respectively, are masculine. el Danubio (the Danube)el Amazonas (the Amazon)el Titicaca (Titicaca)el Atlà ¡ntico (the Atlantic) Names of mountains are usually masculine, because el monte (mountain) is masculine. An exception is that the Rockies are usually referred to as las Rocosas or las Montaà ±as Rocosas. los Himalayas (the Himalayas)el Cervino (the Matterhorn)los Andes (the Andes) Names of islands are usually feminine because la isla (island) is feminine. las Canarias (Canary Islands)las Azores (Azores)las Antillas (West Indies) Company Names Names of companies usually are feminine, because la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a (company) is feminine, as are sociedad anà ³nima (corporation), corporacià ³n (corporation), and empresa (business). This rule is not consistently followed, however, and some well-known companies (such as Google) are referred to as either masculine or feminine. la Microsoft (Microsoft)la ExxonMobil (ExxonMobil)la Nestlà © (Nestlà ©) Imported Words The default gender for foreign words adopted into the language is masculine, but a feminine gender is sometimes acquired if theres a reason for doing so. Thus foreign nouns that end in -a sometimes become feminine, as do some words related in meaning to a Spanish feminine word. el marketing (marketing)la web (the Web or World Wide Web; the feminine is usually used because the Spanish words red and teleraà ±a, words for web and network, respectively, are feminine)el internet, la internet (both genders are used)los jeans (jeans)el rock (rock music)el software (software)el show (show)el champà º (shampoo)el bistec (beefsteak)la pizza (pizza)

Bhopal Gas Tragedy and Its Ethical Issues - 3035 Words

CASE STUDIES: BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY AND ITS ETHICAL ISSUES SUMMARY Bhopal Gas Tragedy was a gas leak incident in India, considered one of the world’s worst industrial catastrophes. It occurred on the night of the last year of 1984 at the Bhopal Union Carbide Corporation (Union Carbide India Limited – UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. A leak of methyl isocyanides gas and other chemicals from the plant resulted in the exposure of hundreds of thousands of people. It also causes environmental issues such as pollution of soil and water. The gas leak in India was caused by bad maintenance and failure of several safety systems to cut off the expenses. HISTORY Bhopal is a city in central India with population of 800,000†¦show more content†¦However, by the end of the first year, Mr. Anderson told Business Week, â€Å"I overreacted. Maybe they, early on, thought we’d give the store away. [Now] we’re in litigation mode. I’m not going to roll over and play dead.† Following the accident, Union Carbide’s stock fell 16 points and it became, in the go-go 80s, a takeover target. When GAF Corporation made an offer, Union Carbide incurred $3.3 billion in debt in order to buy 56 percent of its own stock to avert a takeover. Through 1992, Union Carbide remained in a defensive mode as it coped with litigation, takeover attempts, and the actions of the Indian government in seeking to charge officers, including Anderson, with crimes. U.S. lawyers brought suit in the United States against Union Carbide on behalf of hundreds of Bhopal victims, but the case was dismissed because the court lacked jurisdiction over the victims as well as the plant. Union Carbide did settle the case with the Indian government for a payment of $470 million. There were 592,635 claims filed by Bhopal victims. The victims received, on average, about $1,000 each. The ordinary payment from the Indian government, as when a government bus harms an individual, is $130 to $700, depending upon the level of the injury. Individual awards were based on earning capacity, so, for example, widows of the Bhopal accident received $7,000. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay about Bhopal Ethical Issues1307 Words   |  6 Pagesthe city of Bhopal, the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It has been known as the worlds worst industrial disaster. A Union Carbide India, Limited (UCIL)s plant released 40 tonnes of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas which instantly killed over 3,000 people and carrying on causing the death of more than 20,000. This tragic event involved not only the technical, safety issues at the time, but also ethical issues on the responsibility of those who would have been able to prevent the tragedy from happeningRead MoreBhopal Ethical Issues1350 Words   |  6 Pagesthe city of Bhopal, the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. 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For those who survived from this catastrophic incident had injuries ranging from blindness to suffering burns of the skinsRead MoreUnion Carbide s Chemical Plant981 Words   |  4 Pages After the tragic explosion in Bhopal, India, due to Union Carbide’s chemical plant, many citizens suffered tragedies such as death and severe injuries due to the toxic gas that was released upon the explosion. When citizens of Bhopal decided to sue against the Union Carbide Corporation, they combined all individual lawsuits against the plant together, as well as exercising their forum non conveniens, which handed the lawsuit to Indian courts. Moving the court case to India benefitted the companyRead MoreEssay on India: The Cause of the Bhopal Disaster2606 Words   |  11 PagesUnion Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, made the history witnessed the worst industrial disaster ever in the world. The Bhopal disaster (Bhopal Gas Tragedy) happened by gas leak incident occurred at the night time of 2-3 AM in December of 1984. The result of this gas leak caused risks for more than half million people by exposing them to chemicals hazards; one of these chemicals is methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas. Not only this, it caused an immediate deaths reached

A Brief Note On The Crimes Of The Past - 1706 Words

Atoning for the crimes of the past Social culture, from what we know, has an impact on the way people view the world around us, and one of the most influential we see currently is the media. As kids grow up and develop, they are exposed to a lot of media from Nickelodeon to Cartoon Network, to one of the most impactful, Disney Channel. When it comes to the media we know that over the course of time things can be skewed to look a certain way and they typically may have subliminal messages. So what message are we showing our children? When it comes to Disney and their iconic princesses, we know that they typically tend to all look the same in appearance. From Cinderella to Rapunzel, they all tend to have the same features. Straight, blonde hair and pale skin. Some concerns came with this as people started to notice these main features when it came to the disney princesses. This led to Disney including a new princess, the famous Tiana, first of her kind. However, this still begs the question as to whether or not the ne w African American Disney princess repairs the damage done by Disney over the course of time in regard to the perpetuation of racial stereotypes? Although creating Tiana is a positive step towards improvement, her creation still fails to repair the damage fostered by the perpetual stereotypes. When it comes to television, at least in the eyes of animation, different types of cartoons are being broadcasted in front of children. Growing up as a child on aShow MoreRelatedTelevision Viewing And Protective Action Against Crime1639 Words   |  7 PagesNabi, R. L, Sullivan, J. L. (2001, December). Does Television Viewing Relate to Engagement in Protective Action Against Crime?: A Cultivation Analysis From a Theory of Reasoned Action Perspective. Communication Research, (28), 802nd ser. Doi:10.1177/009365001028006004 2. This Study is for my Dependent Variables 3. 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Online and Traditional Businesses for Developments - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOnline and Traditional Businesses for Developments. Answer: Introduction The recent developments in technology as well as the latest innovations have greatly transformed the way businesses are being conducted in the present world (Zikmund et al. 2013). In the present times, the various companies greatly depend on the various social media platforms and other platforms offered by the electronic media not only for the purpose of promotion of the products as well as the services provided by them but also for the conduct of their business (Wikstrm and Ellonen 2012). A recent trend seen among the major companies of the world is to go digital to cater to all the needs as well as the requirements of the customers (Armstrong et al. 2015). It is to be noted that gone are the days when globalization was considered to be the main aspect of a success business. In the present day world it has been replaced by the online or electronic forms of businesses. Impact of on-line businesses on the traditional businesses The term e-commerce or online business was coined by IBM's marketing and Internet team in the year 1996 (Cavusgil, et al. 2014). The first recorded instance of the e-commerce dates back to 1994 when IBM used it for the very first time to sell its products and services (Cavusgil, et al. 2014). It is to be noted that since then the concept of e-commerce has become the latest trend in the business world. It is to be noted that with the rise of the online businesses the various traditional businesses have been hit hard. An evidence of this is the potential threat which the e-commerce giant Amazon Inc poses to the largest retail company of the world, Wal-Mart (Zikmund et al. 2013). This is in synchronization with the changing preferences of the customers who prefer to take the services of the online businesses rather than the traditional ones. This is a reflection of the several benefits which the various online businesses provide to the customers like home delivery, payment on delivery, the variety of options which they provide to the customers, the availability of all the popular brands at one place and others. However, according to an article, the various online businesses still need to go a long way in order to win the trust of the Australian customers (Financial Review 2018). On the contrary, when the decline in the performance of the Australian company Fairfax is analyzed it will be seen that while revenue for its traditional newspaper business continues to decline precipitously, Fairfaxs digital businesses such as its online real estate arm Domain are enjoying strong growth. These are expected to account for more than 60% of EBITDA in 2017 (The Conversation. 2018). According to another source, more than 50,000 consumers take the services of the various online newspapers more than 26 nations (The Conversation. 2018). This has resulted in a remarkable decline in the readership of the traditional newspapers. This is a reflection of the preference of the people to take the services of the e-commerce over the traditional businesses. An interview conducted with 20 different people reveals than around 60% of the people in the age group 18-40 prefer to take the services offered by the online businesses in comparison to the ones offered by the traditional ones. Marketing approach The various online businesses used the platform offered by the diverse social media platforms and other platforms offered by the electronic media for the promotion of their products (Wikstrm and Ellonen 2012). In addition to this, they target the customer base in the age range of 18-40 who are more technology savvy in comparison to the customers of the other age (Armstrong et al. 2015). In addition to this they attracted the customers by provided regular discounted sales. It is to be noted that this particular strategy was used by Amazon Inc to attract the customers who originally preferred services provided by Wal-Mart. In addition to this, they provide several attractive offers to the customers as already mentioned above. In comparison to this, the various traditional businesses still depend on the word of mouth and the various newspapers for the promotion of their products as well as services. Sales, Staffing and Costs Fairfax, an Australian media company lost almost $1 billion write-down in its traditional newspaper business whereas it gained a net profit of around $132 million in its online business (The Conversation. 2018). This data clearly states that in the recent times the amount of sale of products in the online sector has increased exponentially in comparison to the sale of the same products in the traditional form of businesses. According to the same interview mentioned above, around 70% of people in the age bracket 18-40 agreed that they would prefer to buy a product over the e-commerce website than go to a retail store and purchase it from there. It is to be noted that the cost that the various online companies incur is some degrees lesser than the ones incurred by the various traditional businesses (Armstrong et al. 2015). It is true that the various e-commerce websites need to spend a considerable amount of money on the technical front but they end up saving a considerable capital on various front like the salary of salesmen and other employees, the rent of the stores and various others. The cost incurred by the various online businesses is less in comparison to the ones incurred by the traditional businesses. As already mentioned above, the various online businesses save a considerable amount of money which the traditional companies need to spend in order to survive in the business. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the market has became saturated for the various traditional forms of businesses and they might even become obsolete if they do not take some drastic measures to save their interests. In comparison the various online businesses are booming and very soon they are expected to become the latest trend. They are already the preferred choice of the majority of people at present. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Financial Review. 2018.Australians still trust brick-and-mortar retailers online more: KPMG. [online] Available at: https://www.afr.com/business/retail/australians-still-trust-brickandmortar-retailers-online-more-kpmg-20170113-gtqsix [Accessed 12 Mar. 2018]. The Conversation. 2018.Disrupted businesses are struggling in the valley of death. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/disrupted-businesses-are-struggling-in-the-valley-of-death-63878 [Accessed 12 Mar. 2018]. The Conversation. 2018.Social media is changing our digital news habits but to varying degrees in US and UK. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/social-media-is-changing-our-digital-news-habits-but-to-varying-degrees-in-us-and-uk-60900 [Accessed 12 Mar. 2018]. Wikstrm, P. and Ellonen, H.K., 2012. The impact of social media features on print media firms online business models.Journal of Media Business Studies,9(3), pp.63-80. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.